空力弾性振動は,ハミングバードの羽の歌を奏でる

Christopher J Clark¹, Damian O Elias, Richard O Prum

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Post Office Box 208105, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 10, 2011

まとめ

ハミングバードの求愛歌は,尾の羽の振動によって作られる. 独特の形状の羽の上に流れる空気は振動を引き起こし,多様な音や調和周波数を生成します.

科学分野:

バイオアコースティクスバイオアコースティクス
エアロダイナミクスエアロダイナミクス
動物のコミュニケーション動物のコミュニケーション

背景:

オスのハミングバードは,求愛中に尾の羽を使って音を出す.
羽毛の形状の変異は,音の生産における役割を示唆している.

研究の目的:

コリブリの尾羽による音の生成のメカニズムを調査する.
羽毛の形が音の特徴にどのように影響するかを判断するために.

主な方法:

スキャニングレーザードップラー振動計と風洞の高速ビデオを用いた.
様々なサイズと形状の個々の羽を分析した.
隣接する羽の間のエアロダイナミックカップリングを試験した.

主要な成果:

空気の流れによって引き起こされる羽の振動は音を生成します.
異なる羽の形と振動モードによって,さまざまな音響周波数とハーモニクが生成されます.
羽の間のエアロダイナミックカップリングは,騒音を増やしたり,相互作用周波数を作り出すことができます.

結論:

羽毛のような硬い翼のエアロ弾性振動は,鳥の飛行における振動誘発音のメカニズムである.
このメカニズムは,ハミングバードの求愛表現で観察されたトーン音を説明します.
羽毛の形と配置は,多様な求愛音を生成するために重要です.

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