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Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
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Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Updated: May 29, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

過剰な自信の進化について

Dominic D P Johnson1, James H Fowler

  • 1Politics and International Relations, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK. dominic.johnson@ed.ac.uk

Nature
|September 17, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

過剰な自信は,自分が現実よりも優れていると信じることであり,個人のフィットネスを最大限に高め,全人口の過剰な自信につながる可能性があります. この進化的戦略は,資源の利益が競争コストを上回るときに安定します.

さらに関連する動画

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
06:18

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

Published on: October 20, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
06:18

The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm

Published on: October 20, 2022

科学分野:

  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
  • 心理学 心理学とは

背景:

  • 自信は,多くの分野で成功するために不可欠です.
  • 過剰な自信,または誇張された自己信念は,野心と粘り強さなどの利点を提供することができます.
  • しかし,過剰な自信は,悪い決断にもつながり,その進化的安定性をパズルにしています.

研究 の 目的:

  • エージェントベースのモデルを使用して,過剰な自信の進化的安定性を調査する.
  • 正確な自己評価ではなく,過剰な自信が進化的に安定した戦略である条件を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 異なるレベルの自信 (自信と過度の自信) を有する集団をシミュレートした進化モデルを開発した.
  • 異なる資源競争シナリオの下で異なる信念戦略のフィットネス結果と安定性を分析しました.

主要な成果:

  • 過剰な自信は個人の健康状態を最大化し,特定の条件下で進化的に安定した集団につながることが判明しました.
  • 正確で偏見のない自己信念戦略は,限られた環境条件下でのみ安定していた.
  • 人口の過度の自信の蔓延は,資源の利益と競争コストのバランスに関連しています.

結論:

  • 過剰な自信は,進化的に有利な戦略であり,潜在的マイナスにも関わらず成功を促進する可能性があります.
  • この発見は,人間の集団における過度の自信の持続と,さまざまな社会現象におけるその役割を説明するのに役立ちます.
  • 過剰な自信の進化的根拠を理解することは,その負の影響を軽減するための鍵です.