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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

28.7K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
28.7K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

8.7K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
8.7K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.6K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.6K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.0K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.5K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

915
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
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DNA脱メチル化ダイナミクス

Nidhi Bhutani1, David M Burns, Helen M Blau

  • 1Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5175, USA.

Cell
|September 20, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

DNAの脱メチル化は,当初は単純と考えられていたが,TETとAID/APOBEC酵素による複雑なアクティブおよびパッシブメカニズムを含んでいる. 哺乳類におけるこのダイナミックなDNAメチル化プロセスは,DNA修復経路の調節に依存しています.

さらに関連する動画

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

8.9K
Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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科学分野:

  • エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • サイトシンヒドロキシメチル化 (5hmC) は当初,DNA脱メチル化経路として提案された.
  • 初期の理解は,DNA脱メチル化による遺伝子活性化の単純なメカニズムを示唆した.

研究 の 目的:

  • DNA脱メチル化の複雑なメカニズムを解明する.
  • DNAメチル化ダイナミクスにおけるTETおよびAID/APOBEC酵素の役割を調査する.
  • 哺乳類の細胞におけるDNAメチル化を制御する規制プロセスを理解する.

主な方法:

  • パッシブとアクティブのDNA脱メチル化経路を調査した.
  • 十一回転位 (TET) 家族の酵素の酵素活性に焦点を当てた.
  • DNA修飾におけるAID/APOBECファミリー酵素の機能を調べました.

主要な成果:

  • DNA脱メチル化は,複雑なアクティブおよびパッシブメカニズムを含んでいます.
  • TETおよびAID/APOBEC酵素は,活性DNA脱メチル化において重要な役割を果たしています.
  • DNA修復経路は,哺乳類の細胞におけるサイトシンメチレーション除去に不可欠である.

結論:

  • DNAメチル化は動的であり,固定的ではなく,表遺伝的マークです.
  • DNAメチル化の継続的な調節は,特定の細胞環境において不可欠である.
  • DNAメチル化,脱メチル化,修復の相互作用は,表遺伝的可塑性を強調しています.