67のヒストンマークとヒストンライシンクロトニル化が,新しいタイプのヒストン改変法として特定されました
Minjia Tan1, Hao Luo, Sangkyu Lee
1Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Cell
|September 20, 2011
まとめ
研究者らは67の新しいヒストンの改変を発見し,既知のマークを70%拡大しました. リスインクロトニル化 (Kcr) は,活性プロモーターおよび強化剤,特に雄性生殖細胞の性染色体で見られる保存されたマークです.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクスと分子生物学
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- プロテオミクスはプロテオミクスを用います.
背景:
- ヒストンの翻訳後の改変 (PTM) は,遺伝子発現の重要な調節因子である.
- 既知のヒストンPTMのレパートリーは,絶えず拡大し,新しい規制メカニズムを明らかにしています.
- 新しいヒストンのマークを理解することは,複雑な表遺伝子景観を解読する鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- 新しいヒストンの改変を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ライシンクロトニレーション (Kcr) の機能とゲノム局在性を調査する.
- 特に男性生殖細胞における遺伝子調節におけるKcrの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 新しいヒストンの改変に対する高通量スクリーニング.
- 質量スペクトロメトリーベースのプロテオミクスは,PTMを特定し,検証します.
- 人間の体内およびマウスの雄性生殖細胞におけるゲノムおよび表遺伝子解析.
主要な成果:
- 67種類の新しいヒストンの変異を特定し,既知のマーカーが70%増加しました.
- 進化的に保存されたヒストンPTM.としてライシンクロトニル化 (Kcr) の確認
- ヒストンKcrは,ヒトとマウスのゲノムにおける活性プロモーターと強化剤をマークします.
- 脱出するX結合遺伝子を含め,男性後生殖細胞における性染色体と胞特異遺伝子のKcrの濃縮.
結論:
- この研究は,ヒストンPTMsの既知の風景を大幅に拡張しています.
- ヒストンKcrは,ライシンアセチル化とはメカニズム的にも機能的にも異なる独特のPTMを表しています.
- Kcrは,生後生殖期の男性生殖細胞における性染色体関連遺伝子の特定のマークです.
関連する概念動画
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Histone Variants at the Centromere
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...


