母子死亡率に関するミレニアム開発目標4及び5に向けた進展: 更新された系統的分析
Rafael Lozano1, Haidong Wang, Kyle J Foreman
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. rlozano@u.washington.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 23, 2011
まとめ
幼児と妊産婦の死亡率は低下しているが,ほとんどの国は2015年までにミレニアム開発目標 (MDGs) 4と5を達成できない. これらの世界的な健康目標を達成するために,加速した行動が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- ミレニアム開発目標 (MDGs) 4と5の達成に向けた進展のモニタリングは極めて重要であり,2015年は重要な目標年です.
- 以前の母子死亡率の推定値は2010年に発表されたが,新しいデータと方法により,更新された数字が必要である.
- この研究は,MDG 4と5の進展を追跡するための最も正確な証拠を提供することを目的としています.
研究 の 目的:
- 最新の利用可能なデータと堅実な方法論を用いて,母子死亡率の推定を更新する.
- ミレニアム開発目標4 (幼児死亡率) と5 (妊産婦死亡率) の達成に向けた進展を評価する.
主な方法:
- 更新された分析には,追加的な調査,国勢調査,生計記録,および口頭解剖データが含まれています.
- 幼児死亡率は,改善されたモデルを使用して,新生児早期,新生児後期,新生児後の,幼児期 (1-4歳),および5歳未満の年齢グループで推定されました.
- 妊産婦死亡率の分析には,1990年から2011年にかけての推定のためのアンサンブルモデルを使用して,1,000以上の追加サイト年のデータが含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 5歳未満の死亡者は2011年に720万人に減少し,新生児と子供の死亡率は大幅に減少しました.
- 106カ国では,2000年から2011年の間に,前10年と比較して,幼児死亡率の減少が加速した.
- 妊産婦死亡率は1990年の409,100件から2011年の273,500件に減少し,56,100件はHIV関連でした.
- 予測によると,31カ国がMDG4を達成し,13カ国がMDG5を達成し,9カ国が両方を達成する.
結論:
- 多くの国で母子死亡率削減の進展が加速している一方で,ほとんどの開発途上国は2015年のMDG目標を上回ります.
- 妊産婦死亡率の減少のペースは依然として緩やかであり,全体的な加速が欠如しています.
- 多くの国々がMDG 4とMDG 5を達成するために,迅速かつ協調的なグローバルな行動が必要である.
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