腸内共生微生物群による免疫システムの周辺教育
Stephanie K Lathrop1, Seth M Bloom, Sindhuja M Rao
1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Nature
|September 23, 2011
まとめ
免疫システムは,外周T調節細胞を通して腸の細菌に対する耐性を学び,炎症性腸疾患を予防します. このプロセスは,免疫ホメオスタシスにとって極めて重要な微生物群によって形作られる特定のT細胞抗原受容体を含む.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
背景:
- 自己耐性は,T細胞の育成を通じてチムスに誘発され,自己反応性細胞を排除したり,調節性T (Treg) 細胞を作成します.
- T細胞が外来抗原に対する耐性,例えば共生性細菌に対する耐性,炎症性腸疾患などの状態を防ぐために教育されているかどうかは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- T調節細胞の周辺生成における共生微生物群の役割を調査する.
- T細胞が腸内微生物群からの外来抗原を許容するように教育されているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 大腸のT調節細胞のT細胞抗原受容体 (TCR) の分析.
- バクテリアの抗原に対するTCRのインビトロ反応性アッセイ.
- レトロウイルス骨髄キメラとTCRトランスジェニックマウスラインの作成.
- 大腸炎誘導を評価するための養子縁組移転研究.
主要な成果:
- コメンサル微生物群との接触は,病原性エフェクターではなく,周辺のT調節細胞の生成を促進します.
- 大腸のT調節細胞は,他の場所と異なるユニークなTCRを使用し,局所抗原の影響を示唆しています.
- 多くの大腸のT調節細胞は,小胞体ではなく,微生物群に由来する抗原によって駆動され,周辺部で発達する.
- 微生物群は,素朴なT細胞から結腸のT調節細胞を生成するために不可欠であり,その欠如または機能不全は大腸炎を引き起こす可能性があります.
結論:
- 微生物群への反応として,抗原特異のT調節細胞の周周縁生成は,肝炎後の重要な免疫教育メカニズムである.
- このプロセスは,共生微生物群に対する耐性を確立し,炎症性腸疾患のような免疫病理を予防します.
- この経路の調節不良は,個人を腸に影響する自己免疫疾患に誘導する可能性があります.
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