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幼児期の不平等:幼児期の発達におけるリスクと保護要因
Susan P Walker1, Theodore D Wachs, Sally Grantham-McGregor
1Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. susan.walker@uwimona.edu.jm
Lancet (London, England)
|September 28, 2011
まとめ
早期の悪影響は,子どもの脳の発達と生涯の不平等に影響を及ぼします. リスクの軽減と,世界中の脆弱な子どもたちの発達を促進するために,介入は極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 発達神経科学とは
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 子どもの発達 子供の発達 子供の発達
背景:
- 早期の不良体験は,人口の不平等に根付いている.
- 初期の生物学的および心理社会的要因は,脳の発達を大きく形作る.
- 何百万もの幼い子供たちが,主要なリスクのために,彼らの発達の可能性に達することができません.
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児の発達における主要なリスクと保護要因を特定する.
- 幼児発達プログラムと政策の優先順位設定を参考にすること.
- 世界で最も貧しい子供たちに利益をもたらし,持続的な不平等を減らすために.
主な方法:
- 幼児発達リスクと保護因子に関する既存の研究のレビュー.
- 既知の危険因子に対する証拠強化に重点を置く.
- 新興リスク要因と保護要素の特定.
主要な成果:
- 以前に特定されたリスクには,不十分な認知刺激,発育不全,ヨウ素欠乏症,鉄欠乏性貧血が含まれます.
- 特定された追加のリスクは,子宮内成長制限,マラリア,鉛曝露,HIV,母性うつ病,施設化,社会的暴力です.
- 保護因子には,授乳と母性教育,産前栄養に関する新たな証拠,母性ストレス,母性HIVなどが含まれます.
結論:
- 子どものリスク被曝を減らすために,緊急の介入が必要である.
- 影響を受けた子どもの発達を促進することは不可欠です.
- 証拠に基づいた政策は,幼児の発達を優先することによって不平等を減らすことができます.
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