メタゲノミクスとパーソナライズド医療
Herbert W Virgin1, John A Todd
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. virgin@wustl.edu
Cell
|October 4, 2011
まとめ
人間の微生物群は,病気,特に炎症性疾患に対する感受性に影響します. 宿主-遺伝子-微生物の相互作用を理解することは,複雑な疾患の個別化された治療法の開発の鍵です.
科学分野:
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- 遺伝学と病気のエチオロジー
- 免疫学と炎症について
背景:
- 多様な微生物で構成されるヒトの微生物群は,健康と病気に大きな影響を与えます.
- ホストの免疫を調節し,1型糖尿病,潰瘍性大腸炎,クローン病などの炎症性疾患に対する感受性を高める上で重要な役割を果たします.
- ホスト-遺伝子-微生物の相互作用は,多因子慢性疾患の発達に中心的な役割を果たしています.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性炎症疾患における宿主遺伝子-微生物の相互作用の役割を明らかにする.
- ゲノム・ワイド・アソシエーション・スタディ (GWAS: genome-wide association studies) が病気のサブタイプをどのように識別するかを探求する.
- 複雑な疾患の病因に関する理解を深め,治療戦略を策定する.
主な方法:
- 微生物群,宿主遺伝,炎症性疾患に関する現在の研究のレビューと合成.
- 自己免疫性および炎症性疾患における全ゲノム関連研究 (GWAS) の結果の分析.
- 病気におけるゲノタイプ-フェノタイプ関係を理解するための概念的枠組みの開発.
主要な成果:
- ホスト-遺伝子-微生物の相互作用は,多因子慢性疾患における重要な決定因子として特定されています.
- GWASは,自己免疫性および炎症性疾患のメカニズムベースのサブタイプを明らかにしています.
- 新興の概念は,遺伝的傾向と病気の現象型に対する微生物の影響とを関連付けています.
結論:
- 宿主-遺伝子-微生物の相互作用の包括的な理解は,複雑な疾患の病因を解読するために不可欠です.
- この知識は,高度な動物モデルの開発を容易にするでしょう.
- 特定の疾患のフェノタイプをターゲットにしたパーソナライズされた治療戦略を開発することができます.
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