2011年,北極のオゾン層が前例のないほど減少した
Gloria L Manney1, Michelle L Santee, Markus Rex
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA. Gloria.L.Manney@jpl.nasa.gov
Nature
|October 4, 2011
まとめ
2011年に初めて,北極の化学オゾン破壊は,南極のオゾンホールに匹敵しました. 異常な寒冷の北極の条件は,前例のないオゾン層の損失を引き起こし,北極のオゾン層の穴が可能であることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 大気化学 大気化学
- ストラトスフィアの科学
- オゾン層の研究 オゾン層の研究
背景:
- 化学的なオゾン破壊は,冬から春の間,毎年,極地に影響を与えています.
- 南極のオゾン層の劣化により,毎年オゾン層に穴が開く.
- 北極圏のオゾン層の減少は,歴史的に変数的で,より深刻ではない.
研究 の 目的:
- 2011年初めの北極における化学オゾン破壊の範囲を分析する.
- 北極のオゾン層の減少を,確立された南極のオゾン層の穴と比較するために.
- 北極の深刻なオゾン層の減少に寄与する要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 北極のストラトスフィアの条件の観測記録分析.
- 化学によるオゾン破壊の定量化.
- 特定の高度でのオゾン損失の割合の評価.
主要な成果:
- 2011年初めの北極における化学的なオゾン破壊は,南極のオゾンホールに匹敵していた.
- 北極圏の低層圏における継続的な寒さは,オゾン層を破壊する塩素を増加させた.
- 80%を超える前例のないオゾン層の減少は,海拔18〜20kmの間に発生しました.
結論:
- 北極のオゾンホールは,南極よりも穏やかな温度条件下でも可能である.
- 厳しい北極のオゾン層の減少は,長期にわたる寒冷の影響で起こり得る.
- 将来の北極のオゾンホールの発生と重度の予測は,依然として困難です.
関連する概念動画
Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Hess's Law
There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.


