人間の脳内の移動神経細胞の回廊と,幼児期におけるその衰退
Nader Sanai1, Thuhien Nguyen, Rebecca A Ihrie
1Eli and Edythe Broad Institute of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Nature
|October 4, 2011
まとめ
ヒトの乳児は,下腹部領域とロストラル移動の流れで堅固なニューロゲネシスを示し,成人期に衰退する前に前頭前皮質を標的にする新しい経路を示します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 人間の解剖学 人間の解剖学
背景:
- 哺乳類のサブベントリキュラーゾーン (SVZ) のニューロゲネシスは通常,嗅覚球の発達をサポートします.
- 人間のSVZの構造は他の哺乳類と異なるが,その神経幹細胞の機能は議論の余地がある.
- 過去の研究は,人間のSVZとロストラル移動流 (RMS) の拡散と移住の範囲に矛盾しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトのSVZとRMSにおける移住未成熟ニューロンの存在と範囲を調査する.
- 人間のSVZニューロゲネシスの発達経路を決定する.
- 人間の脳で新たに生成されたニューロンの行き先を特定する.
主な方法:
- 乳児および子供の脳組織の組織学的分析.
- 移住する未成熟の神経細胞を識別するための免疫ヒストケミストリー.
- SVZとRMS内の移動経路を追跡する.
主要な成果:
- ヒトのSVZとRMSにおける未成熟ニューロンの広範な移住. 18ヶ月になる前に.
- ニューロゲン活性性は,より年上の子供では著しく低下し,成人ではほとんど存在しない.
- これまでに説明されていない移住経路は,嗅覚球に加えて,人間の前頭前皮質を標的にしています.
結論:
- 人間のSVZニューロゲネシスは幼児期に強固であるが,一時的なものである.
- 大量の未成熟の神経細胞が,発達初期に重要な時期に前頭前皮質に移動する.
- これらの移動経路は,新生児の神経損傷の潜在的な標的である.
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