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Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions
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腸内微生物群は腸内ウイルスの複製と全身的病原性を促進する.

Sharon K Kuss1, Gavin T Best, Chris A Etheredge

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

腸内微生物は腸内ウイルス感染症を強める. 腸内細菌を抗生物質で枯渇させると,ポリオウイルスやレオウイルスに対する感受性が低下し,ウイルスが複製のために微生物を利用することを示唆しています.

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Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry

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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
08:24

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

Published on: May 2, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions
07:59

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions

Published on: September 10, 2021

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
07:02

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: April 29, 2020

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
08:24

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは

背景:

  • 腸内細菌は,宿主の健康と病原体のコロニー化を防ぐために不可欠です.
  • 腸内ウイルス感染症における腸内微生物群の役割は,ほとんど未知のままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • 腸内細菌が腸内ウイルスの感受性および複製に及ぼす影響を調査する.
  • 腸内ウイルスが感染のために腸内微生物群を利用するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 抗生物質を使用したマウスの腸内微生物群の枯渇.
  • 抗生物質で治療されたマウスと対照マウスをポリオウイルスとレオウイルスで接種する.
  • ウイルス病,複製,宿主細胞の結合の評価.

主要な成果:

  • 抗生物質による微生物群の枯渇は,ポリオウイルス病とウイルスの複製に対する感受性を著しく低下させた.
  • バクテリアまたはそのポリサッカリド (LPS,ペプチドグリカン) に曝露すると,ポリオウイルスの感染性が強化される.
  • ポリオウイルスはリポポリサッカリド (LPS) に結合することが判明しました.
  • また,腸内微生物の存在下でも,レオウイルス病原体はより重症であった.

結論:

  • 腸内微生物群は,腸内ウイルス感染症を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • ポリオウイルスやレオウイルスを含む腸内ウイルスは,腸内微生物を利用して効率的な複製と伝播を行う可能性があります.
  • 腸内微生物群を標的にすることは,腸内ウイルス感染症を制御する潜在的な戦略かもしれません.