メンタルヘルスケアのための人材:現在の状況と行動戦略
Ritsuko Kakuma1, Harry Minas, Nadja van Ginneken
1Centre for International Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. ritz.kakuma@gmail.com
Lancet (London, England)
|October 20, 2011
まとめ
特に低所得国では,精神保健専門家の世界的な不足に対処するには,タスクシフトが必要です. プライマリーケアにおける非専門医の訓練は,精神保健の重要な介入を効果的に提供することができます.
科学分野:
- グローバルメンタルヘルス グローバルメンタルヘルス
- 健康 労働力開発 労働力開発
- ヘルスケア・デリバリー・システム
背景:
- メンタルヘルスのための人材の世界的な不足,特に低・中所得国 (LMICs) で顕著である.
- LMICのメンタルヘルスのための既存の人材は深刻な不足を示しており,介入がなければ悪化すると予測されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的にメンタルヘルスのための人材の現状を見直す.
- メンタルヘルスワークフォース開発におけるニーズを特定し,効果的な行動戦略を提案する.
- メンタルヘルスサービスの提供のためのタスクシフトとプライマリケア統合の可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- メンタルヘルスの人材に関する現在の文献と証拠のレビュー.
- LMICにおける既存のニーズと課題の分析.
- タスクシフトとコミュニティベースのプログラムを含むメンタルヘルスケアサービスの成功モデルの検討.
主要な成果:
- メンタルヘルスケアは,初等保健施設やコミュニティーベースのプログラムを通じて効果的に提供することができます.
- タスクシフトは,非専門医の医療従事者,非専門医の医療従事者,および介護者が,訓練と監督によって精神衛生状態を管理することを可能にします.
- これらのアプローチは,精神障害の検出,診断,治療,モニタリングを改善し,介護者の負担を軽減することができます.
結論:
- タスクシフトとプライマリーケアへの統合は,LMICにおけるメンタルヘルス労働力の不足に対処するための実行可能な戦略です.
- 訓練,監督,リーダーシップへの投資は,メンタルヘルスサービスの拡大に不可欠です.
- メンタルヘルスのための人事資源に取り組むには,LMIC内の管理とリーダーシップに焦点を当てた包括的な戦略が必要です.
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