酸熱性アーケオニオンによる二酸化炭素変換のための新しい酵素の進化
Marjan J Smeulders1, Thomas R M Barends, Arjan Pol
1Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nature
|October 21, 2011
まとめ
研究者らは,熱性アーカイアで二酸化炭素 (CS2) を代謝する新しい酵素を発見した. このCS2ヒドロラーゼであるこの酵素は,古代のβ-炭酸アンヒドラスから進化し,エクステロフィルの異なる進化を示しています.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 酵素学 酵素学とは
- エクストレモフィール生物学
背景:
- エクストレモフィルの生物は,特殊な代謝経路のためのユニークな酵素を持っています.
- 火山ソルファタラの酸性熱愛性アーキアは,H2SやCS2のような低硫黄化合物をエネルギーとして利用する.
- これらの硫黄化合物の酸化により,ソルファタラスに特徴的な高度な酸性が生じます.
研究 の 目的:
- 超熱愛性アシディアヌス菌株A1-3.3の二酸化炭素 (CS2) ハイドロラーゼの構造,メカニズム,進化的起源を解明する.
- この酵素が極端な環境でCS2を特異的に処理するためにどのように進化したかを理解するために.
主な方法:
- CS2ヒドロラーゼの構造分析.
- 酵素活性と基板特異性を決定する生化学的測定法.
- 比較ゲノミクスと酵素とその遺伝子の進化分析.
主要な成果:
- CS2ヒドロラーゼモノメールはβ-炭酸アンヒドラゼの折りたたみを示しているが,CO2活性がない.
- 大型の末端の腕を持つ異常な六角形のカタネーン構造は,独特の防水トンネルを形成しています.
- このトンネルは特異性フィルターとして作用し,水嫌性のCS2の選択的結合と水解を可能にします.
- 遺伝子を囲むトランポゾン配列は,水平遺伝子の移転が遺伝子の獲得を容易にしたことを示唆しています.
結論:
- CS2ヒドロラーゼは,古代のβ-炭酸アンヒドラゼの異なる進化を表しています.
- その独特の構造,特に水害性トンネルは,CS2の基板特異性を決定する.
- 横横の遺伝子転送は,極端な動物におけるCS2代謝の重要なこの酵素の進化に役割を果たしました.
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