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アデレンス結合タンパク質ネクチン-4は,麻疹ウイルスの表皮受容体である
Michael D Mühlebach1, Mathieu Mateo, Patrick L Sinn
1Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
Nature
|November 4, 2011
まとめ
麻疹ウイルスは,新しい宿主出口受容体としてネクチン-4を使用して,呼吸道に戻ります. この発見は,ウイルスが呼吸器系内でどのように広がるか説明し,がん研究への影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
背景:
- 麻疹ウイルスは,小児死亡の主な原因であり,エアロゾールによって感染します.
- 以前は,麻疹ウイルスの侵入は,呼吸器内皮質のみであると考えられていた.
- 最近の発見は,SLAMF1.1経由の呼吸道免疫細胞 (マクロファージ,デンドリット細胞) の初期感染を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 麻疹ウイルスが上皮細胞から呼吸道に戻る原因となる宿主受容体を特定する.
- 麻疹ウイルスが呼吸器系内で拡散するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 人間の呼吸道上皮細胞の表面タンパク質の機能分析.
- ネクチン-4 (PVRL4) を潜在的な宿主出口受容体として特定.
- ヒトの呼吸道の一次性表 epithelialシートを差異化して使用したin vitro研究.
主要な成果:
- ネクチン-4はアデレンス結合タンパク質で,麻疹ウイルスの高親和感受体として特定されました.
- ネクチン-4は,麻疹ウイルスの侵入を促進し,呼吸道上皮細胞に非細胞病的横向拡散を促します.
- ネクチン-4発現は,マカクの気管を含む,感染した上皮細胞でダウンレギュレーションされます.
結論:
- 麻疹ウイルスは,宿主出口受容体としてネクチン-4を利用して,呼吸道で再現します.
- このメカニズムは,呼吸道内の麻疹ウイルスの拡散に極めて重要です.
- 麻疹ウイルス感染におけるネクチン-4の役割は,麻疹ウイルスベースのがん治療 (腫瘍溶解) に影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
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