ローカル・メイト・コンペティション下での性比調整の減少の実験的進化

Emilie Macke¹, Sara Magalhães, Fabien Bach

¹Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 05, France. emilie.macke@univ-montp2.fr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 5, 2011

まとめ

ローカル・メイト・コンペティション (LMC) は,蜘蛛ので示されているように,女性偏りの性比を好む. 激しいLMC下での進化は,子孫の性別比率の調整を低下させ,可塑性の喪失を示した.

科学分野:

進化生物学の進化生物学について
行動生態学は,行動生態学である.
セックスアロケーション理論

背景:

ローカル・メイト・コンペティション (LMC) は,女性偏りの性比を好むと理論化されています.
LMCが性別比率に及ぼす影響に関する経験的証拠は,主に間接的である.
以前の研究では,LMCに対応した性比調整の能力が示されています.

研究の目的:

性別配分戦略に対するLMCの進化的影響に関する直接的な実験的証拠を提供すること.
LMCの強度の変動が性比調整の進化にどのように影響するかを調査する.
厳格なLMCへの長期的曝露が,性比の決定において,フェノタイプの可塑性の喪失につながるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

クモアリ (Tetranychus urticae) の個体群は,54世代に渡って,LMCの3つの異なる強度にさらされました.
選択ラインは,制御されたLMC条件下で維持されました.
子孫の性別比率と性別比率を調整する能力は,選択体制全体で測定されました.

主要な成果:

スパイダーミットの系統で進化した性比は,それぞれのLMC強度の理論的予測と一貫して一致しました.
厳格なLMCの下で進化したメスは,子孫の性別比率を調整する能力が低下したことを示した.
緩和されたLMC条件下で進化したメスは,性比調整の能力を保持しました.

結論:

直接的な実験的証拠は,LMCが女性偏りの性比の進化を促すという理論を支持する.
恒定で厳格なLMCの下での進化は,性配分におけるフェノタイプの可塑性の喪失につながる可能性があります.
この研究は,LMCが性配分戦略を形作る進化的メカニズムを明らかにしています.

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