エアロゾールは,生地化学的サイクルと気候に間接的な影響を及ぼします
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for the Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 15, 2011
まとめ
人為的なエアロゾールは,直接的・間接的な影響を通じて気候に影響を与えます. CO2の変化によって引き起こされる生地化学的フィードバックによる間接的な影響が新たに特定され,著しい冷却効果があり,気候変動緩和コストを増加させる可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気化学 大気化学
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 人為的なエアロゾールの気候への影響は,通常,直接的な放射性および間接的なエアロゾール-雲の相互作用効果によって評価されます.
- 主に大気中のCO2濃度を変化させるバイオジオケミカルフィードバックによるより長期的なエアロゾールの影響は,あまり調査されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 人為的なエアロゾールの気候に対する純生地化学的影響を定量化するために.
- この効果が気候変動緩和戦略と炭素目標に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 陸と海の生地化学サイクルに対するエアロゾールの影響の分析.
- 純生地化学効果の放射力強制等価の推定.
主要な成果:
- エアロゾールは,物理的な強制,栄養素の添加,および汚染物質の影響を通じて,生地化学的サイクルに影響を与えます.
- エアロゾールの純生地化学的効果は,平方メートルあたり0.5 ± 0.4ワットの放射力強迫を引き起こすと推定されています.
結論:
- バイオジオケミカルフィードバックによるエアロゾールの間接的な気候効果は大きい.
- 低炭素目標を達成することは,これらのエアロゾール効果のために,以前に予測されたよりも経済的に難しいかもしれません.
関連する概念動画
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
01:14The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
01:50Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
00:54What are Biogeochemical Cycles?
The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.
01:22The Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
01:16What is Climate?
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.