スパルトは,昆虫の線維筋の運命への進化的に保存された切り替えを媒介する
Cornelia Schönbauer1, Jutta Distler, Nina Jährling
1Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Nature
|November 19, 2011
まとめ
転写因子Spalt major (Salm) は,ドロソフィラの線維飛行筋肉の発達を制御する. この発見は,昆虫の筋肉タイプ決定のための保存されたメカニズムを示しています.
科学分野:
- 筋肉の生理学について
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 昆虫の飛行筋肉は,高周波 (最大1,000 Hz) で動作し,かなりの電力を発生します.
- 線維飛行筋肉は伸縮で活性化され,形状学的には,より遅い管状筋肉と異なる.
- 筋肉の微分化の遺伝子調節を理解することは,昆虫の飛行力学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラの繊維状飛行筋肉の発達の主なレギュレータを特定する.
- 筋肉繊維の種類が決定される分子メカニズムを解明する.
- 筋肉の調節経路の進化的保存を調査する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの遺伝子スクリーニング.
- 遺伝子発現とスプライシングパターンの分析.
- 昆虫種間の比較ゲノミクス 昆虫種間の比較ゲノミクス
主要な成果:
- スパルトメジャー (サルム) は,線維性飛行筋肉の宿命の主調節体として特定されました.
- サルムは,線維筋の特徴を誘発するために,必要かつ十分である.
- サルムは重要なサルコメリック成分を調節し,転写プログラムをチューブルから線維状に切り替えます.
- スパルト機能は,2億8千万年隔てられた昆虫全体で保存されています.
結論:
- サルムは,発達中の線維筋のアイデンティティを決定するための重要なスイッチとして機能します.
- ミオファイバーの分化のためのSpalt媒介経路は,昆虫において進化的に保存されています.
- この保存されたメカニズムは,心臓のような脊椎動物のストレッチで活性化された筋肉にまで広がる可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments
5.7K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
5.7K
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
2.7K
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division...
2.7K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
2.5K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.5K
Cell Motility through Blebbing
1.9K
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
1.9K
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
5.8K
De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
5.8K
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
5.0K
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
5.0K


