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関連する概念動画

The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...

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Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
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Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod

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ペルミア紀末期の大量絶滅を計測する

Shu-zhong Shen1, James L Crowley, Yue Wang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, China. szshen@nigpas.ac.cn

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 19, 2011
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

地球で最も深刻な生物多様性危機であるペルム紀末期の大量絶滅は,2億5,2億8千万年前にピークに達した. 急速な炭素同位体放出と広範囲にわたる森林火災によって特徴づけられたこの壊滅的な出来事は,大規模な温室効果ガスの放出によって引き起こされた可能性が高い.

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Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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06:06

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科学分野:

  • パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
  • ジオクロノロジー (Geochronology) について
  • イソトープ地球化学 イソトープ地球化学

背景:

  • ペルム紀末期の大量絶滅は,地球史上最も深刻な生物多様性危機を表しています.
  • このイベントの正確なタイミングと原因を理解することは,過去の環境変化と将来のリスクを理解するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ペルミア期末の大量絶滅の正確な年代を決定する.
  • 絶滅に関連した環境条件と潜在的なトリガーを調査する.

主な方法:

  • 中国南部の堆積層からのジオクロノロジック,同位体 (δ(13) C),およびバイオストラティグラフィックデータの収集と分析.
  • 高精度ウラン-鉛 (U-Pb) 年代測定.
  • 森林火災の証拠 (木炭,さくら) のための堆積層の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 絶滅のピークは,252.28 ± 0.08 百万年前の直前に遡る.
  • 9万年以上に渡って δ(13) C の有意な減少が起こり,その後20,000年以上に渡って -5‰ の急速な減少が続いた.
  • 絶滅の間隔は20万年未満で,海洋と陸の生態系で同期し,広範囲にわたる野火の証拠があります.

結論:

  • ペルム紀末期の大量絶滅は,正確な地表年代を持つ急速な出来事でした.
  • 絶滅は,炭素循環の重大な混乱と陸上の燃焼と一致した.
  • 熱性二酸化炭素および/またはメタンの大量放出が,この壊滅的な絶滅の主要な原因であると提案されています.