新生児におけるロコモーターの原始性とその発達
Nadia Dominici1, Yuri P Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini
1Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
まとめ
原始的な動きは,発達とともに進化し,代替されるのではなく,原始的な神経パターンを保持します. これらの基本的な運動パターンは,多様な種にわたって保存され,共通の進化的起源を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 比較生理学 比較生理学とは
背景:
- 原始的な動作から高度な動作までの運動制御の発達経路はよく理解されていません.
- 既存の理論は,原始的な神経制御パターンが発達中に置き換えられ,保持されないことを示唆している.
研究 の 目的:
- 異なる発達段階における移動中の lumbosacral motoneuron 活動の基本的なパターンを特定し,特徴づけること.
- 様々な動物種におけるこれらの運動制御パターンの進化的保存を調査する.
主な方法:
- lumbosacral motoneuronの活動に関する多筋肉の記録は,ヒトの新生児,幼児,幼稚園児,および成人に実施されました.
- 同じような記録は,ネズミ,猫,マカク,豚鳥のモデルでも行われました.
主要な成果:
- 新生児で特定された2つの基本的なモトニューロン活動パターンは,人間の発達を通して持続することが判明しました.
- 2つの追加のパターンが幼児に現れ,新生児のパターンを増幅しました.
- 驚くほど類似した運動制御パターンは,人間,ネズミ,ネコ,霊長類,鳥など,研究されたすべての種で観察されました.
結論:
- 運動の発達には,原始的な神経パターンの完全な置き換えではなく,保持および増強が含まれる.
- これらの基本的な運動パターンの種間の保存は,移動の共通の進化的起源を示唆し,祖先の神経ネットワークと潜在的に結びついている.
関連する概念動画
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
Exploration...
Hierarchy of Motor Control
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Language Development
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Introduction to Learning
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
The Nativist Approach
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...
Indirect Motor Pathways
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...


