代替的に活性化されたマクロファージは,適応性熱生成を維持するためにカテキオラミンを産生します
Khoa D Nguyen1, Yifu Qiu, Xiaojin Cui
1Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|November 22, 2011
まとめ
代替的に活性化されたマクロファージは,寒さに反応する適応性発熱に不可欠です. これらの細胞はカテキオラミンを分泌し,エネルギー消費と寒い環境への代謝適応を促進します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- メタボリズムは
- エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
背景:
- ホメオサーマは,冷たい環境でも体温を維持するために,熱生成に依存しています.
- 熱生成の支配的なモデルは,脂肪組織への下垂体共感信号を伴う.
- この反応を媒介する特定の細胞タイプは完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 適応性熱生成における代替マクロファージ活性化の役割を調査する.
- 寒さに反応する細胞メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 低温にさらされたマウスで研究が行われました.
- 脂肪組織マクロファージに対する寒さの影響を調査した.
- 熱生成とマクロファージの活性化に対するインターリューキン-4 (IL-4) 投与の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 寒さへの曝露は,脂肪組織マクロファージの代替活性化を迅速に誘発した.
- これらのマクロファージはカテキオラミンを分泌し,発熱性遺伝子発現と脂質分解を刺激する.
- 代替的に活性化されたマクロファージの欠如は,寒さへの適応を妨げました.
- IL-4の投与は,マクロファージに依存した方法で熱生成を促進しました.
結論:
- 代替的に活性化されたマクロファージは,適応性発熱に不可欠です.
- マクロファージは,哺乳類の寒さに対する反応を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- この発見は,免疫学と代謝適応の間の新しいリンクを明らかにしています.
さらに関連する動画
07:45Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
Published on: November 28, 2015
39.4K
06:57Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
Published on: November 11, 2021
5.3K
関連する概念動画
Regulation of Metabolism
9.1K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.1K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
3.1K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.1K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
7.3K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
7.3K
Sympathetic Signaling
3.4K
Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
3.4K
Sympathetic Activation
6.1K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
6.1K
Thermoregulation
2.9K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
2.9K
