IDH1による還元性グルタミン代謝は,低酸素下での脂質生成を媒介する
Christian M Metallo1, Paulo A Gameiro, Eric L Bell
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Nature
|November 22, 2011
まとめ
人間の細胞は,アルファ-ケトグルタレートの還元代謝を通じて,脂質合成のためにアセチル-CoA (AcCoA) を生成します. 低酸素状態とVHL欠乏細胞は,このグルタミン由来経路に大きく依存し,デノボリポゲネシスを行います.
科学分野:
- 細胞の代謝は細胞の代謝である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- がん生物学 がん生物学
背景:
- アセチル-CoA (AcCoA) は,脂肪酸合成とタンパク質アセチル化に不可欠です.
- グルコースからの従来のAcCoA生成は,低毒性または高グリコリチ性細胞で障害があります.
- 低酸素細胞におけるグルタミン代謝の役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の細胞における代替的なAcCoA合成経路の調査,特に低酸素状態において.
- 特定の細胞状態における脂質生成を支援するグルタミン代謝の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 異なる酸素条件 (ノルモキシアとヒポキシア) の下でヒト細胞系を利用した.
- 還元性カルボキシル化経路を通じた代謝の流れを研究した.
- イソチラート脱水素酵素-1 (IDH1) 活性への影響を評価した.
- 検査された脂質合成速度とグルタミンへの依存.
主要な成果:
- アルファ-ケトグルタレートの還元代謝経由によるAcCoA合成のためのイソチラート脱水素酵素-1 (IDH1) に依存する経路が特定されました.
- 低毒性細胞は主にグルタミン由来アルファケトグルタレートの還元性カルボキシル化を使用して,デノボリポゲネシスを行います.
- VON Hippel-Lindau (VHL) 腫瘍抑制剤欠乏性腎臓細胞系は,通常の酸素濃度下でも,脂質合成のための好ましい還元性グルタミン代謝を示す.
結論:
- 酸素レベルは,AcCoAの産生と脂質合成に向けての炭素の流れを決定的に調節する.
- 還元性グルタミン代謝は,ヒポキシ性およびVHL欠乏細胞におけるAcCoA生成と脂質生成の重要な経路である.
- この経路は,細胞代謝が酸素の供給と腫瘍学的シグナル伝達に大きく適応していることを示している.
関連する概念動画
Overview of Metabolism
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Lipid Catabolism
Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
Hypoxia
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...

