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気候変動,キーストーン捕食,生物多様性の減少
1Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada. harley@zoology.ubc.ca
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 26, 2011
まとめ
気候変動は,肉食動物のない空間を減らすことによって,の床を縮小させる. これにより,獲物が拡大し,種の豊かさが増加し,気候変動が種間相互作用と生物多様性への影響を実証します.
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学とは
- 気候変動の生物学
- エコロジカルな相互作用
背景:
- 気候変動は,生理学的ストレスを通じて生物に直接的に影響し,間接的に種の相互作用を変えることによって生物に影響を及ぼします.
- 異種間関係の変化が,環境変化に対するコミュニティと生態系の反応をどのように動かすかを理解することは,極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 温暖化が捕食者-獲物のダイナミクスと岩石の海岸での種分布にどのように影響するか調査する.
- 気候変化がの床の範囲と関連するコミュニティの構造に及ぼす影響を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- フィールド実験と時空の比較を用いて,岩石の海岸コミュニティの変化を評価した.
- 捕食者のプレッシャーを操作して,新しい生息地を植民地化する獲物種の能力におけるその役割を決定する.
主要な成果:
- 温暖化により,肉食動物のない空間が大幅に減少し,52年間での床の垂直範囲が51%減少しました.
- カタツムリの個体群は幾つかの場所から姿を消し,捕食者が減少したときに獲物種は温暖な地域を成功裏に植民地化しました.
- 捕食者の実験的な減少は,高温の場所での地元の種の富を倍増させました.
結論:
- 人為的な気候変動は,種間の相互作用を変化させ,種の分布とコミュニティの多様性に影響を与えます.
- 温暖化による捕食者フリースペースの減少は,生態系の変化を誘発する重要なメカニズムです.
- 気候変動は,生物多様性やコミュニティ構造に予期せぬ変化をもたらす可能性があります.
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