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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 27, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

ポリモルフのゲル誘発選択結晶化

Ying Diao1, Kristen E Whaley, Matthew E Helgeson

  • 1Novartis-MIT Center for Continuous Manufacturing and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E19-502b, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
まとめ

ポリマーマイクロゲルは,核化運動と閉じ込めに影響することによって,結晶のポリモルフィズムを制御します. この研究は,閉じ込められた環境や複雑なインターフェイスにおける結晶化の理解を前進させる.

さらに関連する動画

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 化学工学は化学工学というものです.
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景:

  • 閉じ込められた環境におけるポリモルフィズムは,特に運動学は,ほとんど理解されていません.
  • ポリモルフィズムにおける基質局所構造の役割は,しばしば無視されています.
  • ナノ孔性の材料は,ポリモルフ結晶化を制御する可能性を秘めています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 溶液からポリモルフ結晶化を制御するためのポリマーマイクロゲルを調査する.
  • ポリモルフィックな結果に対するナノ閉じ込めとインターフェイスの相互作用の影響を体系的に研究する.
  • 複雑なインターフェイスにおける結晶化の基本的な理解を深める.

主な方法:

  • 調整可能なマイクロ構造を持つポリマーマイクロゲルを使用した.
  • ゲル誘発核化運動を研究した.
  • ポリマーの微細構造と化学組成に基づいて分析されたポリモルフィックアウトカム.

主要な成果:

  • ポリマーマイクロゲルは,ポリモルフの選択性を大幅に改善しました.
  • ポリモルフィックの結果は,核化運動学と強く相関しています.
  • ポリマーの微細構造と化学組成に敏感な結果.

結論:

  • ポリマーマイクロゲルは,結晶のポリモルフィズムを制御するのに有望です.
  • 核化テンプレートと空間制限は,選択性の鍵です.
  • この研究は,閉じ込められた環境における結晶化の理解を向上させる.