アパルトヘイトの医学. 南アフリカにおける健康と人権
E O Nightingale1, K Hannibal, H J Geiger
1Committee on Health and Human Rights, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20005.
JAMA
|October 24, 1990
まとめ
南アフリカにおけるアパルトヘイト時代の人権侵害は,健康に深刻な影響を及ぼした. 健康上の不平等に対処し,侵害を防止するには,差別をなくし,政府の集中力を高める必要があります.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 人権法 人権法 人権法
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
背景:
- 南アフリカのアパルトヘイトは,白人少数派を優先して差別的な医療政策を施行した.
- 恣意的な拘禁や拷問を含む,組織的な人権侵害は,個人の健康に深刻な影響を及ぼしました.
- 医療協会は,人権侵害と医療の格差が健康に及ぼす影響に対して,さまざまな反応を示した.
研究 の 目的:
- 南アフリカにおけるアパルトヘイト制度における人権と医療の交差点を検討する.
- アパルトヘイトの下で経験した特定の人権侵害の健康への影響を分析する.
- 健康上の不平等や人権侵害に対する医療機関の対応を評価する.
主な方法:
- 歴史的記録と医学文献の質的分析.
- 文書化された人権侵害のレビューとその報告された健康上の結果.
- 南アフリカ医学会による声明と行動の検討.
主要な成果:
- 拘禁,暴行,拷問,制限命令などの人権侵害は,深刻な健康被害をもたらしました.
- 差別的な医療政策は,黒人多数派の健康問題を悪化させた.
- これらの問題に対する医療協会の対応は矛盾し,しばしば不十分であった.
結論:
- アパルトヘイトと差別を終わらせることは,すべての南アフリカ人のための医療の改善に不可欠です.
- 将来の人権侵害を防止するには,政府の説明責任と保健の公平性への注意を高めることが必要です.
- アパルトヘイトの遺産に対処するには,医療と人権の保護における包括的な改革が必要です.
キーワード:
保健医療と公衆衛生について関連する概念動画
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