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巨大な円銀河の中心にある"0億太陽質量のブラックホールが2つあります
Nicholas J McConnell1, Chung-Pei Ma, Karl Gebhardt
1Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature
|December 14, 2011
まとめ
天文学者は,NGC 3842とNGC 4889の銀河で超大質量ブラックホールを発見し,90億太陽質量を超えています. これらの発見は,巨大な銀河の銀河とブラックホールの進化の現在のモデルに挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- 天体物理学 天体物理学
- 銀河の進化 銀河の進化 銀河の進化
- ブラックホール物理学 ブラックホール物理学
背景:
- 巨大な銀河は,中心に超大質量ブラックホール (SMBH) を普遍的に宿している.
- 以前の観測では,初期の宇宙のクエーザーは,太陽の質量100億を超えるSMBHによって動いていたが,それらの局所的な残骸は未発見であった.
- 既知の最も大きなブラックホールは,以前はメシア87 (6.3億太陽質量) にあった.
研究 の 目的:
- 近くの銀河団内の最も明るい銀河の中央ブラックホールの質量を調査するために.
- 測定されたブラックホールの質量を,既定の相関関係 (M-シグマ関係など) の予測と比較する.
- 最も巨大な銀河とその中心のブラックホールの進化の経路を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 先進的な観測技術を活用して,NGC 3842.2の中央ブラックホールの質量を測定した.
- 同様の方法でNGC 4889のブラックホールの質量を推定した.
- 派生ブラックホールの質量を恒星速度の分散と宿主銀河の膨張光度と比較した.
主要な成果:
- NGC 3842に超大質量ブラックホールが発見され,その質量は97億太陽質量である.
- NGC 4889の同等またはそれ以上の質量のブラックホールを特定しました.
- これらのSMBHは,一般的な銀河とブラックホールのスケーリング関係を推論することによって予測されたよりも大幅に大きい.
結論:
- 最も大規模な銀河は,確立されたスケーリング関係から著しく逸脱するSMBHをホストしています.
- 現在の相関は,質量が小さい銀河では信頼性がありますが,最も極端なケースには適用されない場合があります.
- 異なる進化過程が,最大の銀河とその中心のブラックホールの成長を左右している可能性が高い.
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