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児童虐待: 6つの先進国の傾向と政策の違い
Ruth Gilbert1, John Fluke, Melissa O'Donnell
1MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. r.gilbert@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|December 16, 2011
まとめ
児童虐待の指標は,児童保護政策にもかかわらず,一貫した減少を示していません. 特に乳幼児におけるエージェンシーとの接触が増加していることから,早期介入は報告の増加を招くかもしれないが,必ずしも害を減らすわけではないことが示唆される.
科学分野:
- 子どもの健康 子どもの健康
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 社会政策 社会政策 社会政策
背景:
- 現代の児童保護制度は,1970年代に生まれました.
- いくつかの政策イニシアティブは,児童虐待を減らすことを目的としています.
- 児童虐待の指標の動向は複雑で,国によって異なる.
研究 の 目的:
- 1970年代以降の6つの先進国における児童虐待指標の動向を調査する.
- 児童保護政策が虐待率に与える影響を評価する.
- 児童虐待指標の国際的変動を比較する.
主な方法:
- 3種類の児童虐待指標の動向の分析.
- 11歳未満の子どもを含む.
- 1970年代以降の6つの先進国から収集されたデータ.
主要な成果:
- すべての児童虐待指標で一貫した減少は見られなかった.
- 暴力による子供の死亡の減少は,いくつかのグループで認められたが,虐待による負傷による入院は,スウェーデンとマニトバでのみ減少した.
- 児童保護機関の指標は,6か国中5か国で増加し,特に乳幼児の場合は,早期介入政策による可能性が高い.
- 暴力による死亡や虐待による傷害 (二倍未満の変動) と比較して,機関の指標率の国際的変動が大きい (5倍から10倍の差).
- 米国では,暴力による子供の死亡率が高くなりました.
結論:
- 現在の児童保護政策は,あらゆる形態の児童虐待を一貫して減少させていない.
- 児童保護機関との接触や家庭外での介護の割合が増加していることは,虐待の減少ではなく,報告の増加や早期介入を反映しているのかもしれない.
- 現在の児童保護戦略が児童虐待を減らすのに有効かどうかを判断するには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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