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アポプトーシス細胞の包み込む過程における代謝関連
Claudia Z Han1, Kodi S Ravichandran
1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Carter Immunology Center and the Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Cell
|December 27, 2011
まとめ
ファゴサイトは,摂取した細胞の内容を処理することによって,死んだ細胞を包み込むことから生じる代謝負荷を管理する. このレビューでは,細胞の代謝と消化がこの重要な吸収プロセスにどのように影響するか調査します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- メタボリズムは
背景:
- 毎日何十億もの細胞がアポトーシス (プログラム細胞死) を受けています.
- ファゴサイトはこれらのアポプトシス細胞を飲み込み,クリアランスを行う.
- エングルフメントは,ファゴシートの細胞含有量を効果的に倍増させ,代謝の課題を提起します.
研究 の 目的:
- アポプトティック細胞クリアランス中のファゴサイト細胞代謝の見直し.
- 摂取したアポプトシス細胞の消化について議論するために.
- これらの代謝プロセスの吸収機能に対する影響を調べる.
主な方法:
- ファゴサイト代謝に関する研究の文献レビュー.
- アポプトティックな細胞消化に関与する細胞過程の分析.
- 代謝と吸収の関係に関する発見のまとめ.
主要な成果:
- ファゴサイトは,摂取した物質を処理するための特殊な代謝経路を持っています.
- アポプトシス細胞の効率的な消化が,ファゴシトのホメオスタシスの維持に不可欠である.
- 代謝状態は,ファゴシートのさらなる吸収能力に影響します.
結論:
- ファゴサイト代謝は,アポプトシス細胞クリアランスの負担を管理する上で中心的な役割を果たします.
- これらの代謝動態を理解することは,免疫細胞の機能を理解する鍵です.
- 代謝適応により,ファゴサイトは組織ホメオスタシスにおける重要な役割を果たすことができる.
関連する概念動画
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
01:18Autophagic Cell Death
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
01:30Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
01:30Overview of Cell Death
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
01:17The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...