MnO2電触媒による分子酸素への水の酸化のpH依存性のメカニズム
Toshihiro Takashima1, Kazuhito Hashimoto, Ryuhei Nakamura
1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 31, 2011
まとめ
マンガンの酸化物は,不安定なマンガネス3+ (Mn3+) のため,中性pHで水の酸化のための貧しい触媒である. 制御された反応を通じてMn3+を安定させることは,中性水酸化のための効率的なマンガンの触媒の開発の鍵です.
科学分野:
- 電気化学 電気化学について
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
- カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス
背景:
- マンガンの酸化物は,アルカリ状態での水の酸化のための効果的な電気触媒です.
- それらの効率は中性pHで著しく低下し,より広範な応用を妨げます.
- pHに依存するメカニズムの理解は,改良された触媒の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 水酸化のための酸化マンガンの電触媒のpH依存性の背後にあるメカニズムを調査する.
- pH値の範囲における水の酸化プロセスに関与する中間種を特定する.
- 触媒効率におけるマンガンの酸化状態の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- UV-VISスペクトル電気化学検出は,中間種をモニタリングするために使用されました.
- フッ素を添加した亜鉛電極に,層状の酸化マンガンのナノ粒子 (δ-MnO2) を使用した.
- ピロホスファートは,表面種を特定するための探査分子として利用されました.
主要な成果:
- 510nmでの吸収の急激な増加は,Mn3+に起因し,酸素の進化と相関しています.
- 水酸化の発生可能性は,pH 4 から 8 までの状態では一定であり,pH 8 以上では負のシフトを示した.
- Mn(3+) 形成のpH依存は,水の酸化活動を反映し,Mn(3+) を水の酸化前駆体として特定しました.
結論:
- pH <9での不均衡によるMn(3+) の不安定性は,中性pHでのマンガン酸化物の低活性性を説明する.
- アルカリ性条件下でのMn(3+) の安定化は,コンポレーションによって達成されます.
- Mn(3+) の不均衡とコンポーレーションを制御することは,効率的な中性pHの水酸化触媒の開発に不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...
Electrolysis
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles
Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...

