国際薬物条約は,公衆衛生をどの程度保護しているのでしょうか
1Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre and School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. robinr@turningpoint.org.au
Lancet (London, England)
|January 10, 2012
まとめ
国際薬物規制条約は,違法薬物使用を抑制したり,医療へのアクセスを改善したりできませんでした. 政策を薬物リスクと人権と調和させるためには,条約の改正や離脱を通じて,改革が必要である.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 国際法 国際法 国際法
- クリミノロジーは,犯罪学です.
背景:
- 麻薬に関する単一条約 (1961年) は,大麻,コカイン,オピオイドを規制することを目的としており,後に他の医薬品にも拡大された.
- 国際薬物条約は,世界の違法薬物取引を防止し,特に開発途上国において,医療の可用性を確保することに無効である.
- 現在の制度は,薬物使用者の健康と人権に悪影響を及ぼし,収監率を増加させ,HIV予防の取り組みを妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 過去50年にわたる国際薬物規制条約の有効性を評価する.
- これらの条約が違法薬物生産,医療利用,薬物使用者の福祉に与える影響を分析する.
- これらの条約が国家薬物政策の実験に課す制約を探求する.
主な方法:
- 麻薬規制に関する国際条約とその目的を分析する.
- 条約の実施の成果を50年にわたって見直した.
- 薬物使用,医療へのアクセス,公衆衛生,人権に対する影響の検討.
主要な成果:
- 条約は,違法薬物生産と非医学的使用のグローバリゼーションを止めるのに失敗しています.
- 開発途上国以外では,必要不可欠な医薬品の医療利用は依然として不十分である.
- このシステムは,薬物使用者の投獄を増加させ,HIV予防を阻害し,人権を侵害しています.
結論:
- 既存の国際薬物条約は,その欠陥を補うために修正または再交渉が必要である.
- 国家政策は,薬物リスクとコントロールの有効性との連携を深める必要がある.
- 国際薬物規制システムの改革は,公衆衛生と人権成果の改善に不可欠です.
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