関連する実験動画
高齢者の予後指標:体系的なレビュー
Lindsey C Yourman1, Sei J Lee, Mara A Schonberg
1Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
JAMA
|January 12, 2012
まとめ
このシステマティック・レビューでは,高齢者の死亡率を予測するためのいくつかの予後指標が見つかりました. しかし,いずれも独立して検証されたりバイアスのないものではなかったため,広範な臨床使用の前にさらなる試験が必要であることを示しています.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 臨床流行病学 臨床流行病学とは
- バイオ統計学 バイオ統計学
背景:
- ガイドラインは,高齢者のためのサービスをターゲットにするために,平均寿命を使用することを推奨しています.
- 正確な予後指標は,臨床的意思決定とリソースの配分に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 60歳以上の成人の死亡率の予後指標の質と限界を体系的に検討し,評価する.
- コミュニティ,介護施設,病院での絶対的な死亡リスクを予測する検証された指標を特定する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE,EMBASE,コクラン,Google Scholar (2011年11月発足) の体系的な検索について
- 含有基準:60歳以上の成人の死亡リスク (6ヶ月5年) を予測する検証された指標.
- 除外基準:集中治療室,疾患特異的,または入院死亡率の指標.
主要な成果:
- 21,593のタイトルから16の予後指標が特定され,さまざまな環境での死亡率を予測しました.
- 3個を除くすべてのインデックスで,少なくとも1つの輸送能力の測定がテストされました.
- 潜在的なバイアスのない研究はありませんでした.13の指標はC統計値≥0.70でしたが,どれも≥0.90.に達しませんでした. 2つの指標のみが独立して検証されました.
結論:
- いくつかの指標は,異なる環境における高齢者の全体的な死亡率を予測します.
- 将来の研究は,これらの指標を多様な集団で独立して検証する必要があります.
- 広範な採用を推奨する前に,臨床結果を改善する能力を評価するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...