内皮細胞と外皮細胞は,血液形成性幹細胞を維持する
Lei Ding1, Thomas L Saunders, Grigori Enikolopov
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
Nature
|January 28, 2012
まとめ
幹細胞因子 (SCF) は,血液生成性幹細胞 (HSC) の維持に不可欠です. 研究によると,SCFは主に骨髄のニッチの周周細胞によって生成され,内皮細胞とLepr+細胞が主要な源である.
科学分野:
- 血液学 ヘマトロジ
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学
- 骨髄のニッチ研究
背景:
- 血液形成性幹細胞 (HSC) は,維持のために特定のニッチ環境に依存しています.
- 幹細胞因子 (SCF) のような重要なHSC維持因子の細胞源は,ほとんど未定のままである.
- SCF (KITL) は,骨髄のニッチ内のHSCの維持に重要な要因です.
研究 の 目的:
- 骨髄ニッチ内のSCFの細胞発現パターンを体系的に調査する.
- HSC維持に不可欠なSCFを生成する特定の細胞タイプを決定する.
- HSCの周波数と機能における,異なる細胞源からのSCFの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- SCF発現パターンを追跡するために,Scf ((gfp) ノックインマウスを利用しました.
- 血液形成細胞,骨芽細胞,内皮細胞,およびLeprを発現する環血管性ストロマル細胞を含む様々な骨髄細胞集団でSCFの条件付き消去を行った.
- 遺伝モデルを用いた条件付きSCF削除後のHSCの頻度と機能を評価.
主要な成果:
- SCFの発現は,骨髄中の周周細胞で主に観察されました.
- 血液形成細胞,骨質芽細胞,またはネスティンを発現する細胞からのSCFの条件付消去は,HSCに影響を与えませんでした.
- HSCの枯渇は,内皮細胞からSCFの消去またはLeprを発現する周周血管ストロマ細胞で発生した.
- SCFが内皮細胞とLeprを発現する周血管細胞の両方から削除されたとき,HSCの有意な損失が観察されました.
結論:
- HSCは,骨髄の周回性ニッチ内に位置しています.
- 周血管ニッチ内の複数の細胞タイプは,SCFの生産を通じてHSCの維持に貢献します.
- 内皮細胞とLeprを発現する周血管性ストロマル細胞は,HSCの維持のためにSCFの重要な細胞源である.
関連する概念動画
Overview of the Vascular System
The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Stem Cell Niche
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Cells of the Epidermis
The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Production of Formed Elements
Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Most HSCs commit to...
Structure of Blood Vessels
Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...


