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狩猟採集者の社会ネットワークと協力
Coren L Apicella1, Frank W Marlowe, James H Fowler
1Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Nature
|January 28, 2012
まとめ
この研究では,狩猟採集者のソーシャルネットワークは,現代のネットワークと構造的な規則性を共有し,協力に影響を与えることを明らかにしています. これらの発見は,初期の人間の社会構造が親族と非親族の間の協力を促進した可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- アントロポロジー人類学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 理論上,ソーシャルネットワークは,大規模な人間の協力を促進する.
- 初期の人間の社会構造を理解することは,協力の進化を理解するための鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- タンザニアのハザ狩猟採集民族のソーシャルネットワークを特徴づける.
- ハザ族のソーシャルネットワーク構造と協同行動の関係について調査する.
主な方法:
- Hadzaのソーシャルネットワーク特性の分析 (度分布,アソルタティブ性,トランジティビティ,相互性,地理的衰退,同型性).
- ハダザのキャンプ内およびその間の公共財のゲーム寄付の調査.
- ネットワークの結びつきと協同行動の相関関係 距離の2度までの類似性.
主要な成果:
- Hadzaネットワークは,近代化されたソーシャルネットワークに共通する特性を示しています.
- 協力的行動 (公共財のゲーム寄付) は,グループ間での変動が高く,グループ内での変動が低くなっています.
- ネットワークの結びつきは,社会的距離にまで及ぶ,類似した協力的傾向を持つ個人の間でより一般的です.
結論:
- ソーシャルネットワークの構造は,人類の歴史の初期に存在していたのかもしれない.
- 初期の人類は,親族と非親族の両方とも協力関係を築いた可能性が高い.
- ソーシャルネットワークは,人間の協力の出現と維持に重要な役割を果たしました.
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