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氷河や氷冠が最近海面上昇に寄与している
Thomas Jacob1, John Wahr, W Tad Pfeffer
1Department of Physics and Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Nature
|February 10, 2012
まとめ
氷河と氷冠 (GICs) は,2003年から2010年の間に年間148±30Gtの質量を失い,海面上昇に大きく貢献しました. この研究は,衛星重力データを用いて,GICの地球質量バランスの見積りをより正確に提供しています.
科学分野:
- 氷河学と気候科学
- 地球システム科学 地球システム科学
- クリオスフィアの研究
背景:
- 氷河と氷冠 (GIC) は,世界の海面上昇の主要な原動力である.
- 過去のGICの質量バランスの推定は,稀な測定によって制限され,海面への貢献に不確実性をもたらしています.
- 正確なGIC質量バランスは,気候変動の影響を理解するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 新しい方法論を用いてGIC質量バランスの包括的な評価を提供すること.
- 2003年から2010年にかけての世界の海面上昇に対するGICの貢献度を定量化する.
- 新しい発見と既存の推定を比較し,特にアジアの高山地帯のような地域を比較する.
主な方法:
- 毎月のGravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) 衛星の重力場をグローバルで同時に逆転した.
- 100km2以上のすべての氷で覆われた地域の計算された質量変化.
- 2003年1月から2010年12月までの期間に焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- GIC (グリーンランドと南極の周辺GICを除く) は,年間148 ± 30 Gtの割合で質量を失い,海面上昇に年間0.41 ± 0.08 mmの貢献をしました.
- このGICの質量損失率は,同じ期間の以前の推定値より約30%低い.
- アジアの高山地帯での質量損失は,以前に報告されたよりも (4 ± 20 Gt/yr) 大幅に低かった.
結論:
- この研究は,GICの地球質量バランスの見積もりをより堅牢に示し,海面上昇への貢献を精査しています.
- GRACEの衛星データは,地球規模で冷凍圏の変化を監視するための強力なツールを提供します.
- この調査結果は,GICの質量損失の地域的な変動を強調し,更新された評価の必要性を強調しています.
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