米国の病院のHIV検査方針
1Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.
JAMA
|December 5, 1990
まとめ
ほとんどの米国の病院は,ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 検査に関する公式なポリシーを持ち,しばしば患者の同意とHIV陽性者への通知が含まれています. これらの政策は,患者と医療提供者の両方を保護することを目的としています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 保健医療政策について
- 感染症管理 感染症管理
背景:
- 医療環境におけるヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染に関する広範な懸念は,制度的政策の開発を必要とした.
- 病院は,患者の機密性と医療従事者の安全性のバランスをとるという課題と,効果的なHIV検査プロトコルの必要性を直面した.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の病院で実施されているHIV検査政策の普及と性質を確かめる.
- 患者の権利と医療提供者の保護に関するこれらの政策の具体的な規定を検証する.
主な方法:
- 561の非連邦一般急性ケア病院を対象とした全国調査は,層格化されたランダムサンプルを用いて実施されました.
- データ収集は,病院のチーフ管理者とのインタビューを通じて,彼らのHIV検査方針について収集されました.
主要な成果:
- 調査対象となった病院の83%以上は,HIV検査に関する正式な書面による方針を有していた.
- ポリシーには,通常,検査前の知情同意 (78%) と,陽性患者の情報提供 (75%) の要件が含まれています.
- 医療記録に検査結果を記載するなど,医療従事者の保護に関する規定も一般的であった (56%).
結論:
- 1987年までに,米国の病院の大多数はHIV検査方針を確立しており,医療におけるHIV管理に対する積極的なアプローチを反映しています.
- これらの政策は,患者の権利の保護と医療従事者の安全を確保することに二重な焦点を当てていることを示した.
- 病院の特徴は,これらの検査方針の採用と有意な関連性を示さなかった.
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