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関連する概念動画

Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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Published on: April 14, 2023

既存のアクトミオシン収縮を利用して細胞の形状の変化を誘発する.

Minna Roh-Johnson1, Gidi Shemer, Christopher D Higgins

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
まとめ

発達に不可欠なアピカル収縮は,皮質の緊張の変化によってではなく,細胞とアクトミオシン皮質の接触を結びつけることで引き起こされます. この発見は,形質変異の間に細胞の形状の変化を明確にします.

さらに関連する動画

A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells
07:15

A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells

Published on: August 19, 2018

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
12:35

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

Published on: April 14, 2023

A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells
07:15

A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells

Published on: August 19, 2018

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of (Poro-)Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • アピカル収縮は,ガストルーレーションや神経管の閉塞のような重要な形態遺伝的出来事を誘発する.
  • 伝統的に,アクトミオシンネットワークの収縮によって開始されると考えられています.
  • 頂上収縮の正確なトリガーを理解することは,発達生物学にとって不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • アピカル収縮の初期トリガーを調査する.
  • 頂上収縮の開始における皮質の緊張の変化と細胞と細胞の接触のダイナミクスを区別する.
  • アクトミオシン活動と細胞の形状変化の間の空間時間的関係を明らかにするために.

主な方法:

  • Caenorhabditis elegansとドロソフィラの比較研究について.
  • アクトミオシンネットワークのダイナミクスと皮質の緊張の観察.
  • アピカル・セル・セル・コンタクト・ゾーンの行動の分析.
  • ライブイメージングと生体物理学的測定.

主要な成果:

  • アプカルアクトミオシン収縮は,両方のモデル生物の観察可能な細胞形状の変化に先行する.
  • 最初,アクトミオシンネットワークは動的に収縮し,アピカル表面積の有意な減少なしに皮質の緊張を生成します.
  • その後,アピカル細胞-細胞接触領域とアクトミオシンが一緒に移動し,アクトミオシンダイナミクスや皮質の緊張が変化しない.

結論:

  • アピカル収縮は,アピカル細胞-細胞の接触が,既に収縮しているアクトミオシン皮質とのダイナミックな結合によって開始されます.
  • トリガーは,皮質の緊張の変化ではなく,細胞のインターフェースの調整された結合です.
  • このメカニズムは,胚の発達中の細胞の形状の調節に関する新しい洞察を提供します.