バクテリアと古生物のRNA誘導遺伝子サイレンシングシステム
Blake Wiedenheft1, Samuel H Sternberg, Jennifer A Doudna
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789, USA.
Nature
|February 17, 2012
まとめ
クラスタ化された定期間隔の短いパリンドロミックリピート (CRISPR) システムは,小型のRNAを細菌の免疫のために使用し,真核RNAの干渉とは異なる. このメカニズムを理解することで,新しいRNA制御遺伝子サイレンス戦略が明らかになる.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- クラスター化された定期間隔の短いパリンドロミックリピート (CRISPR) システムは,細菌と古生物の適応性免疫メカニズムです.
- これらのシステムは,異種核酸の配列特異的なターゲティングのために小さなRNAを使用し,真核細胞RNA干渉 (RNAi) に類似しています.
研究 の 目的:
- CRISPRシステムによって媒介される細菌のRNAベースの免疫の独特なメカニズムを解明する.
- ユーカリオットRNAi経路とのCRISPR媒介サイレンシングを比較・対比する.
- RNA制御遺伝子サイレンシングの多様な戦略の洞察を得るために.
主な方法:
- CRISPRとRNAi経路の比較分析について.
- バクテリアの適応免疫における小RNA機能の調査.
- 核酸の認識と静音化メカニズムの探索.
主要な成果:
- CRISPR媒介の細菌免疫は,外来核酸の検出と静止のための小さなRNAに依存しています.
- CRISPR免疫の動作メカニズムは,真核RNAiと根本的に異なる.
- CRISPRシステムは,ウイルスやプラズミドに対するシーケンス固有の防御を提供します.
結論:
- 小型RNAは,CRISPRシステムによる細菌の適応免疫の核心です.
- CRISPRの免疫は,RNAによる遺伝子制御のユニークなモードを表しています.
- CRISPRメカニズムに関するさらなる研究は,RNAベースの様々なサイレンシング戦略に光を当てます.
関連する概念動画
01:23Types of RNA
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
02:53CRISPR and crRNAs
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
02:15Experimental RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...