主要な大気汚染物質と心筋梗塞:体系的なレビューとメタ解析
Hazrije Mustafic1, Patricia Jabre, Christophe Caussin
1Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, University Paris Descartes, INSERM Unit 970, Paris, France. hazrije.mustafic@inserm.fr
JAMA
|February 17, 2012
まとめ
オゾンを除く大気汚染に短期間の曝露は,心筋梗塞 (MI) のリスクを大幅に増加させます. この研究では,PM2.5やCOなどの汚染物質と心臓発作の発生率との関連を定量化しています.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 心血管伝染病学 心血管伝染病学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景:
- 高濃度の大気汚染に短期間の曝露は,心筋梗塞 (MI) を引き起こす可能性があると疑われています.
- さまざまな大気汚染物質とMIリスクの間の正確な関連は,さらなる定量化が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 主要な大気汚染物質への短期的な曝露とMIのリスクとの関連性を評価し,定量化します.
- 調査されている汚染物質には,オゾン,一酸化炭素,二酸化窒素,二酸化硫黄,PM10,PM2.5.5が含まれています.
主な方法:
- 2011年11月まで発表された34件の研究の体系的レビューとメタ解析.
- EMBASE,MEDLINE,Cochraneのデータベースで,大気汚染とMIに関する研究を検索した.
- ランダム効果モデルを用いた汚染物質濃度の増加に関連したMIに対する相対リスク (RRs) の計算.
主要な成果:
- MIリスクと,一酸化炭素,二酸化窒素,二酸化硫黄,PM10,PM2.5.5への短期的な曝露との間に重要な関連性が見つかりました.
- オゾン曝露は,心筋梗塞のリスクの増加と統計的に有意な関連性を示さなかった (RR=1.003,P=.36).
- 対象となる汚染物質の割合は,人口の割合で0.6%から4.5%の範囲に及ぶ.
結論:
- オゾンを除く主要な大気汚染物質は,心筋梗塞のリスクの増加と有意に関連しています.
- 発見は,環境空気の汚染に関連した短期的な心臓血管リスクを強調しています.
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