種と面積の関係における幾何学とスケール
Henrique Miguel Pereira1, Luís Borda-de-Água, Inês Santos Martins
1Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. hpereira@fc.ul.pt
Nature
|February 24, 2012
まとめ
種と面積の関係 (SAR) と地方特有生物と面積の関係 (EAR) は,普遍的に適用できるわけではない. その正確さは,生息地破壊の幾何学と規模に依存し,以前の絶滅率の推定値に異議を唱える.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 生物多様性 科学 科学 生物多様性
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 以前の研究では,種と面積の関係 (SAR) と,特有種と面積の関係 (EAR) のサンプリング理論を提案した.
- この理論は,EARがSARよりも一貫して低いため,絶滅率が過大評価されていることを示唆しました.
- 研究はまた,ミレニアムエコシステム評価の推定値を批判した.
研究 の 目的:
- SARとEARのサンプリング理論の汎用性を再評価する.
- 絶滅率の推定に生息地破壊の幾何学とスケールの影響を調査する.
- ミレニアムエコシステム評価の推定値の批判に対処するために.
主な方法:
- エコロジカルサンプリング理論の理論分析.
- 異なる生息地喪失シナリオの下で,種-地域,および固有の地域との関係の数学的モデリング.
- 異なる絶滅の推定方法論の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- EARがSARより常に低いという結論は,普遍的に真実ではない.
- SARとEARの関係は,生息地破壊の幾何学に依存しています.
- SARのスケールは,観測された関係に大きな影響を与えます.
- ミレニアム・エコシステム・アセスメントの推定値の批判は,その方法論がSARに依存しているだけではないため,部分的に根拠のないことが判明しました.
結論:
- HeとHubbellのサンプリング理論の適用性は,文脈に依存しています.
- 生息地破壊の幾何学と規模は,絶滅率を正確に推定する上で重要な要因です.
- 過去の絶滅率の過大評価は,これらの文脈的要因を考慮していないことによるものかもしれない.
- 絶滅の推定モデルを洗練し,残った不確実性を解決するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
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