海洋酸性化の地質学的記録

Bärbel Hönisch¹, Andy Ridgwell, Daniela N Schmidt

¹Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 3, 2012

まとめ

地質学的記録は,過去の海洋酸性化現象とその海洋生物への影響を明らかにしています. しかし,現在のCO2排出量は前例のないもので,将来の影響は不確実です.

科学分野:

パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
マリン・バイオロジーマリン・バイオロジー
気候科学気候科学

背景:

海洋酸化は海洋生態系に深刻なリスクをもたらしています.
実験室とフィールドの研究は,長期的な影響を評価する上で限界があります.
地質学的記録は,過去の環境変化と生物学的反応の洞察を提供します.

研究の目的:

海洋酸性化および関連する環境変化の過去の地質学的出来事をレビューする.
過去の出来事を,現在の海洋酸化予測と比較する.
大気中のCO2濃度の上昇が海洋の化生物に及ぼす長期的な影響を理解するため.

主な方法:

過去3億年にわたる地質学的記録のレビュー.
大気中のCO2濃度の上昇,地球温暖化,海洋酸化に関する証拠の分析.
現代の絶滅と進化の転機イベントの検討.

主要な成果:

過去のいくつかの地質学的な出来事は,大気中のCO2の増加,温暖化,海洋酸性化の証拠を示しています.
これらの事象のいくつかは,海洋カルシファーの絶滅と進化の変化と一致しました.
過去のいかなる出来事も,現在の二酸化炭素による海洋化学の破壊の予測速度と規模に完全に一致しません.

結論:

過去の地質学的な出来事は,海洋酸化を理解するための貴重な文脈を提供します.
現在の二酸化炭素の放出率は,地球の歴史において比類のないものです.
海洋炭酸塩化学と生態系に対する将来の影響は,これまで考えられていたよりも深刻かもしれません.

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