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意図的な神経義肢のスキルを習得するために,皮質三角質の可塑性は必要である
Aaron C Koralek1, Xin Jin, John D Long
1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature
|March 6, 2012
まとめ
コルチコストリアタル可塑性は,神経義肢の動作のような抽象的なスキルの学習に不可欠です. この神経回路は,身体的スキルの学習に不可欠であり,また,目標指向の抽象的スキルの獲得を支えている.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- モーター・ラーニング (Motor Learning) とは
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
背景:
- 物理的および抽象的なスキルの学習は,神経の可塑性に依存しています.
- コルチコストリアタル回路は,身体技能学習に関与することが知られている.
- 抽象的なスキル学習におけるこれらの回路の役割は,ほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 抽象的なスキルの学習のための皮質三角質の可塑性の必要性を調査する.
- 神経義肢の作用が自然運動学習と同じような神経メカニズムを誘発するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 抽象的なスキルの学習を訓練するために,新しいネズミの行動課題が開発されました.
- 物理的な動きから独立して,聴覚カーソルの神経義肢制御が使用されました.
- 遺伝子操作 (striatal NMDA受容体消去) と行動テスト (評価下落,省略) が採用されました.
主要な成果:
- ネズミは,目標指向の行動のための聴覚カーソルを制御することを成功裏に学びました.
- 学習に伴い,ストレイタルニューロンの活動が著しく変化し,ターゲット関連の調節が増加した.
- 運動皮質とストライアルニューロン間の強力な機能的な接続性の出現が観察されました.
- ストライアタルNMDA受容体の削除は,皮質・ストライアタルの可塑性を廃止し,抽象的なスキルの学習を妨げました.
結論:
- コルチコストリアタル可塑性は,抽象的なスキルを学ぶために必要なメカニズムです.
- 神経義肢のスキルの学習は,自然な運動学習と同じ神経回路を使用します.
- この研究は,技能獲得の様々な形態における,前皮質・前皮質回路の根本的な役割を強調しています.
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