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Exploring Protein-Glycan Interactions: Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Published on: August 26, 2025
核酸とグリコカリクスの相互作用
Michael J Palte1, Ronald T Raines
1Medical Scientist Training Program, Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 10, 2012
まとめ
哺乳類の細胞は,アニオン細胞表面糖によって形成されたバリアを通して,核酸の吸収を防ぐ. これらの砂糖を除去すると,脂質-核酸結合物の細胞への侵入が促進されます.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 哺乳類の細胞は,外来核酸の侵入を制限する固有のメカニズムを持っています.
- プラズマ膜の脂質二重層は既知の障壁であるが,他の物理化学的障壁が存在する.
- これらの障壁を理解することは,遺伝子治療と核酸ベースの薬物投与において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の細胞における核酸吸収に対する第二の物理化学的障壁を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 核酸と細胞の相互作用を研究するための探査機として,光脂質-オリゴヌクレオチド結合体を開発し,利用する.
- 核酸の侵入を調節する細胞表面グリコカリックス成分の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 光で標識された脂質-DNAオリゴヌクレオチド結合体の合成.
- 組み込みと保持を評価するために,哺乳類の細胞との結合体のインキュベーション.
- 改変または枯渇したグリコカリックス成分 (例えば,シアル酸が欠けている) を含む細胞系を使用する.
- カチオン性脂質の組み込みが結合体吸収に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主要な成果:
- 脂質-オリゴヌクレオチド結合体は,容易に血に組み込まれますが,その後排出されます.
- オリゴヌクレオチドの長さは,結合体排出率と正の相関関係にある.
- 結合体組み込みは,アニオン性グリコカリックス成分 (シアル酸,グリコサミノグリカン) が欠けている細胞で著しく強化されます.
- また,キャチオン性脂質で前処理された細胞でも吸収が増加します.
結論:
- 細胞表面にあるアニオン性オリゴサッカライドは,核酸の吸収に重大な障壁として作用する.
- このアニオンバリアはゲノムの安定性に影響を及ぼし,遺伝子とsiRNAの配送に課題をもたらす.
- 細胞表面電荷またはグリコカリックス組成を調節することは,核酸配送の有効性を改善する戦略である可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Glycocalyx and its Functions
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Components of...
Protein Glycosylation
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Glycosylation occurs in...
Proteoglycans
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Oligosaccharide Assembly
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
Glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...

