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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...

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ニッケルボラート酸素進化触媒における構造-活性相関

D Kwabena Bediako1, Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser, Yogesh Surendranath

  • 1Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 16, 2012
PubMed
まとめ

アノド活性化により,ニッケルボラート酸素進化触媒の性能が劇的に向上する. これは,構造的変化と,Ni ((IV) を含む,より高いニッケル酸化状態への移行を含み,以前の触媒効率の仮定に異議を唱える.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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科学分野:

  • 電気化学 電気化学について
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス

背景:

  • 酸素進化反応 (OER) はエネルギー変換に不可欠です.
  • ニッケルベースの触媒は,OERのために広く研究されています.
  • 触媒の構造と活動の関係を理解することは,効率を向上させるための鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • アノド活性化によるニッケルボラート (Ni-B(i)) 薄膜の構造と酸化状態の変化を調査する.
  • これらの変化と酸素進化の加強された触媒活性を相関させるため.
  • OERにおけるβ-NiOOHの効率性に関する既存の概念に異議を唱える.

主な方法:

  • X線吸収近辺構造 (XANES) と拡張X線吸収微細構造 (EXAFS) を含むX線吸収スペクトロスコピー (XAS).
  • キュロメトリック測定.
  • 電子沈殿されたNi-B (i) フィルムの電気化学的特徴.

主要な成果:

  • アノド活性化により,Ni-B (i) フィルムの触媒率が大幅に増加します.
  • アクティベーションフィルムは平均ニッケル酸化状態 (+3.6) が高く,Ni (IV) が有意に存在する.
  • アクティベーションフィルムは,縁を共有するNiO6オクターエドルのビオキソ/ヒドロキソブリッジニッケルセンターの構造を示し,非アクティベーションフィルムは,ヤーン・テラー歪んだNi6III) センターを示している.

結論:

  • 強化されたOER活動は,構造的および酸化状態の変化,特にNiの形成と関連しています.
  • 研究結果は,活性化Ni-B (i) フィルムがベータ-NiOOHからガンマ-NiOOHへの変換に似た変異を経験することを示唆しています.
  • この研究は,β-NiOOHが優越した酸素進化の触媒相であるとの確立された見解に異議を唱える.