深い海底の堆積物におけるエンドスポールの豊富さ,微生物の成長,死体質の回転

Bente Aa Lomstein¹, Alice T Langerhuus, Steven D'Hondt

¹Department of Bioscience, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. bente.lomstein@biology.au.dk

Nature

|March 20, 2012

まとめ

微生物の生命は,深い海底の堆積物の中で繁栄し,休眠状態のエンドスポアは,活発な細胞と同じくらい一般的です. この深い生物圏の生態系は,古代の有機炭素によって維持され,非常に遅い微生物の周回を示しています.

科学分野:

ゲオミクロバイオロジー
深い生物圏の生態系深い生物圏の生態系
海底の微生物生態学

背景:

科学的な海洋掘削は,深い海底の堆積物の中で広範囲にわたる微生物の生命を明らかにしています.
生物圏の奥深くにある高微生物細胞数は,理解が乏しい低エネルギーフローと対照的です.
微生物細胞の状態 (活性 vs 休眠) と低エネルギーへの適応は不明である.

研究の目的:

深海底環境における生きた微生物のバイオマス,エンドスポー,ネクロマスを定量化するために.
微生物の周回時間と,海底の炭素予算におけるその役割を決定する.
深層生物圏のコミュニティを支えるエネルギー源を調査する.

主な方法:

D:L-アミノ酸モデルの適用により,微生物のバイオマスと売上を評価する.
バクテリアマーカー (ムラミック酸,D-アミノ酸) とエンドスポーマーカー (ディピコリン酸) の分析.
定量分析のためのステレオアイソメリックアミノ酸のラセミゼーションダイナミクスの統合.

主要な成果:

エンドスポアは,植物性微生物の細胞と同じくらい豊富であることが判明しました.
深層生物圏の微生物活性は極めて低い.
微生物のバイオマス回転時間は,数百年から数千年の範囲です.

結論:

深層生物圏のバイオマスは,数百万年前に堆積した古代の有機炭素によって維持されています.
微生物の死体質のリサイクルは,数十万年にわたって起こります.
深い生物圏は,眠っている細胞の重要な部分を持つ,ゆっくりと再生する生態系を表しています.

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