不完全ミミクリの進化の比較分析
Heather D Penney1, Christopher Hassall, Jeffrey H Skevington
1Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Nature
|March 23, 2012
まとめ
捕食者は,より小さな浮遊ハエ (Diptera: Syrphidae) の真似の完璧さに対する選択を少なくする. より小さな種におけるこのリラックスした選択は,フローフライの不完全な模倣を説明する.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 行動生態学は,行動生態学である.
- 動物学 動物学
背景:
- 多くのホーバーフライ種 (Diptera: Syrphidae) は,刺すヒメノプテラ (バテシアン模倣) を真似しています.
- 模倣的忠誠性は,ホーバーフライの種によって大きく異なるが,一部の種はモデルと表面的な類似性を表している.
- 模倣精度のこの変動の理由は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 古代北極のホーバーフライのミメティックフィデリティの種間多様性を説明する仮説を評価する.
- ホーバーフライの不完全な模倣の主要な要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 比較的アプローチを用いて,フローフライの模倣的忠誠度を分析した.
- 模倣の精度を評価するために,形状測定,ヒトの評価,鳥の評価が採用されました.
- 統計分析では,模倣的忠誠度,体サイズ,豊富さ,モデル多様性との関係を調べました.
主要な成果:
- ミメティックフィデリティは体サイズと正の相関関係があり,リラックスした選択仮説を支持する.
- 模倣に対する人間の認識は,客観的な測定値と鳥の捕食データと一致しています.
- 証拠は,不完全な模倣のためのマルチモデルと親族選択仮説を否定する.
結論:
- 捕食者の圧力,特に利益の少ない獲物 (より小さな浮遊ハエ) への圧力は,真似の完璧さの変化を誘発します.
- 体の大きさは,正確な真似のための選択のレベルに影響を与える重要な要因です.
- この発見は,進化の適応を形作る上で,捕食者と獲物の相互作用が果たす役割を強調している.
関連する概念動画
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