生命の初期に微生物に曝露されることは,自然殺傷性T細胞の機能に持続的な影響を及ぼします.
Torsten Olszak1, Dingding An, Sebastian Zeissig
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 2012
まとめ
幼少期の微生物への曝露は,免疫疾患から保護します. 病原菌のないマウスでは,微生物の欠如が免疫細胞の蓄積につながり,疾患の重症度が増加し,早期の微生物との接触の重要性を強調します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
背景:
- 生命の初期に微生物に曝露することは,炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) や喘息のような免疫媒介疾患に対する保護と関連しています.
- 細菌無菌 (GF) 環境には,免疫系が典型的に遭遇する微生物刺激が欠けています.
研究 の 目的:
- 粘膜組織におけるインヴァリアント・ナチュラルキラーT (iNKT) 細胞集団の調節における微生物被曝の役割を調査する.
- IBDやアレルギー性喘息モデルの感受性に対する生命の初期における微生物のコロニー化の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- IBDとアレルギー性喘息のモデルにおけるGFマウスと特定病原体フリー (SPF) マウスの比較.
- 大腸内膜および肺におけるiNKT細胞の蓄積の分析.
- 腸および肺組織におけるケモカインリガンドCXCL16の発現の測定.
- 異なる年齢 (新生児と成人) で従来の微生物群を持つGFマウスのコロニー化.
主要な成果:
- GFマウスは,SPFマウスと比較して,大腸と肺にiNKT細胞の蓄積が増加した.
- GFマウスにおけるiNKT細胞の蓄積は,IBDと喘息のモデルにおける罹患率の増加と相関していた.
- CXCL16の発現は,GFマウスの粘膜に上昇し,iNKT細胞の存在と関連していました.
- 新生児の微生物群によるコロニー化が,成人のコロニー化ではないが,iNKT細胞の蓄積と病態化を防止した.
結論:
- 生命の初期に微生物への曝露は,粘膜のiNKT細胞の耐性を確立するために重要である.
- 年齢に敏感な微生物の植民は,環境要因に対する過剰な反応を防ぐために免疫システムをプログラムします.
- 早期の微生物との接触の障害は,免疫機能の調節不全と,免疫媒介疾患に対する感受性の増加につながる可能性があります.
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