ヒストンの認識とヒトブロモドメインファミリーの大規模構造分析
Panagis Filippakopoulos1, Sarah Picaud, Maria Mangos
1Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK. panagis.filippakopoulos@sgc.ox.ac.uk
Cell
|April 3, 2012
まとめ
ブロモドメイン (BRD) は,表遺伝的マークを認識する. この研究は,BRDファミリー全体で保存され,ユニークな構造的特徴を明らかにし,新しい基板を発見し,改変が薬物設計の結合にどのように影響するか明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- タンパク質とタンパク質の相互作用
背景:
- ブロモドメイン (BRD) は,アセチル化ライシン残基に結合する重要な表遺伝子読者です.
- 人間のゲノムには61のBRDが含まれており,構造と配列の類似性に基づいて8つの家族に分類されています.
- BRDの構造と機能を理解することは,表遺伝子研究と治療の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- すべての8つのファミリーから29の多様なブロモドメイン (BRD) の高解像度結晶構造を提示します.
- アセチル化依存基質認識を制御する保存されたおよび家族特有の構造特性を分析する.
- 新しいBRD基板を特定し,BRD結合における翻訳後の改変の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 29の高解像度BRD構造を決定するX線結晶学.
- 保存され,ユニークな特徴を特定するために,クロスファミリー構造分析.
- ヒストン-ペプチド配列に対する30以上のBRDの体系的なスクリーニング.
主要な成果:
- 8つのBRDファミリーの詳細な構造の洞察,特定の基板認識のための特徴を強調します.
- 新しいBRD基板の特定と,側面アセチル化とリン酸化が結合にどのように影響するかを実証.
- BRD4によるダイアセチル化ペプチドの認識のための構造的メカニズムの解明.
結論:
- 提示された構造は,BRD-エピジェネティックマークの相互作用を理解するための包括的なリソースを提供します.
- BRDの認識は,単一のアセチル化イベントだけでなく,翻訳後の改変の組み合わせによって影響を受けます.
- これらの発見は,特定のBRD阻害剤を標的とした構造ベースの薬物設計のための基礎を築いた.
関連する概念動画
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Histone Variants at the Centromere
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
The Nucleosome
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...


