動物,植物,生態系の健康に対する新たな真菌の脅威
Matthew C Fisher1, Daniel A Henk, Cheryl J Briggs
1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK. matthew.fisher@imperial.ac.uk
Nature
|April 14, 2012
まとめ
ウイルス性キノコ病は,野生動物の深刻な死滅を引き起こし,食糧安全保障を脅かしています. これらの感染症が生物多様性や生態系の健康に及ぼす影響の増大を緩和するために,バイオセキュリティ対策の強化が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 生態学と進化生物学について
- 病原体のダイナミクス
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 最近の数十年で,野生の群れと管理された群れの両方に影響を及ぼす毒性感染症の増加が示されています.
- 菌類や菌類のような病原菌は,野生の種の前例のない死滅と絶滅を引き起こしています.
- これらの病気は,世界の食糧安全保障に重大な脅威をもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- 生物多様性に対する新興の真菌病の増大する脅威を強調する.
- 菌類疾患の拡散と進化を促進する人間の活動の役割を強調する.
- 強化されたグローバルな生物安全対策を提唱する.
主な方法:
- 自然および管理されたシステムにおける感染症の流行の最近の動向のレビュー.
- 野生の種集団に対する真菌病原体の影響の分析.
- 病気の広がりに寄与する人為的な環境変化の評価.
主要な成果:
- 動物と植物の集団で重度の真菌疾患の発生が著しく増加していることが観察されています.
- 人間によって引き起こされる環境の変化は,真菌病原体の拡散と進化の可能性を加速させている.
- これらの病気は,生物多様性の損失の主な原動力であり,生態系サービスに影響を及ぼします.
結論:
- 新興の真菌感染症は,世界の生物多様性に対する脅威を拡大しています.
- 人間の健康と生態系の安定性に対するより広範な影響は明らかである.
- 生物セキュリティのさらなる減少を防ぐために,緊急かつ強化された世界的な生物セキュリティプロトコルが必要である.
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