関連する実験動画
Updated: May 23, 2026

04:17
Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
Published on: May 13, 2021
成長するマイクロチューブルが卵細胞核を押し出して,ドロソフィラの背中中軸を二極化させます
Tongtong Zhao1, Owen S Graham, Alexandre Raposo
1The Gurdon Institute and the Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
まとめ
ドロソフィラ・オオサイト核の移動は,成長するマイクロチューブルによって推進され,ダイネインによって引っ張られることはありません. この微小管のポリメリゼーションメカニズムは,背中 - 腹軸の確立に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ドロソフィラ・オオシトの背中腹 (DV) 軸は,核移動によって形成される.
- 以前の仮説では,ダイネイン媒介による微小管の牽引を提案していたが,これは未検証のままだった.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラ卵細胞の発達中の核移動のメカニズムを調査する.
- 核定位とDV軸形成におけるマイクロチューブルダイナミクスの役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 核の行動を観察するために,ドロソフィラ卵細胞の生画像撮影.
- 核インデントの分析とその動きとの相関.
- マイクロチューブルポリメリゼーションによる核移動の依存性の調査.
主要な成果:
- 核の移動は,後部インデントと関連しています.
- 核の移動とインデントは,後部センターソームからのマイクロチューブルポリメリゼーションに依存しています.
- 核は,成長するマイクロチューブルによって積極的に押し出され,引き出されることはありません.
結論:
- 核の移動は微小管の成長力によって引き起こされ,ダイネイン引くモデルに異議を唱える.
- オオゲネシスの初期にセンターソームの位置づけは,核の移動とDV軸の確立に不可欠です.
- このプロセスは前後軸形成とは独立しています.
関連する概念動画
Forces Acting on Chromosomes
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Anaphase A and B
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Spindle Assembly
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Microtubules in Cell Motility
Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
The Mitotic Spindle
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

