関連する実験動画
Updated: May 23, 2026
08:12
High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
Published on: August 8, 2017
イーストのプリオンであるMod5は,環境ストレス下での薬剤耐性の獲得と細胞生存を促進します
Genjiro Suzuki1, Naoyuki Shimazu, Motomasa Tanaka
1Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 21, 2012
まとめ
酵母細胞は,Mod5タンパク質をプリオンに変換することによって,抗真菌薬に適応することができます. このプリオン形成は細胞経路を調節し,環境ストレス下での生存を向上させ,適応におけるプリオン活性性の役割を示しています.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- イースト遺伝学 イースト遺伝学
背景:
- プリオンタンパク質は,溶性状態から集積状態に変換し,細胞の適応を潜在的に助けます.
- 環境ストレス下でのフィットネス上の利点を与えるためのアクティブプリオン変換の役割はよく理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 酵母細胞が環境適応のためにプリオン変換を積極的に利用しているかどうかを調査する.
- ストレス反応に関与する特定のプリオンタンパク質とそのメカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 酵母移植RNAイソペンテニルトランスフェラーゼであるMod5をプリオンタンパク質として識別.
- Mod5プリオン変換が細胞経路,特にステロール生物合成に及ぼす影響の分析.
- プリオン形成と生存率を観察するために,酵母を抗真菌薬に実験的に暴露する.
主要な成果:
- Mod5プリオン変換は,ステロール生物合成経路を調節することが判明しました.
- この調節により,酵母における抗真菌剤に対する得られた細胞抵抗性がもたらされた.
- 抗真菌薬の選択圧力により,Mod5プリオン状態のデノボ出現が促進され,細胞生存率が向上しました.
結論:
- Mod5で例示されたアクティブプリオン変換は,環境的課題への対応として細胞の適応に積極的に貢献することができます.
- 選択的圧力下でのプリオン形成によって引き起こされるフェノタイプの変化は,生物の生存のためのメカニズムです.
- 代謝経路のプリオン媒介による調節は,進化的適応に関する新しい視点を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:28Yeast Signaling
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
01:18Mutations in Microorganisms
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
01:22Bioreactor Controls-III
Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
01:16Transduction
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...