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関連する概念動画

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

16.3K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
16.3K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

16.0K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
16.0K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

18.1K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
18.1K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

12.5K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
12.5K
Transposons01:24

Transposons

3.3K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
3.3K
Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

3.8K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
3.8K

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

7.7K

ヒトのトランポソン・テクトニクス

Kathleen H Burns1, Jef D Boeke

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. kburns@jhmi.edu

Cell
|May 15, 2012
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

レトロトランスポゾンと呼ばれる移動性DNA要素は移動し,新しい挿入を作り,病気を引き起こす可能性があります. 新しい技術は,これらのダイナミックな変化を検出し,ヒトゲノム多様性と健康への影響を明らかにするのに役立ちます.

さらに関連する動画

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学

背景:

  • 移動DNA,特にレトロトランスポゾンが,ヒトゲノムの半分以上を占める.
  • ほとんどのレトロトランスポーソンは不活性ですが,一部はトランスポーズする能力を保持しています.
  • レトロトランスポゾン活動は,デノボの挿入によって遺伝疾患や癌につながる可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒトゲノムの形成におけるモバイルDNAの役割を調査する.
  • レトロトランポゾン挿入のダイナミックな性質と,構造的変異へのそれらの貢献を調査する.
  • デノボ・レトロトランポゾン挿入の検出における課題と進歩を強調する.

主な方法:

  • ポリモルフの挿入を検出するための新しい技術を使用しました.
  • レトロトランスポゾン活性から生じる間隔の繰り返しを分析した.
  • 調査されたde novo挿入事件.

主要な成果:

  • 移動性DNAは,ダイナミックな構造的多様性の実質的な源である.
  • 新しい転置イベントが発生し,レトロトランスポーザンの静止に関する以前の概念に異議を唱えます.
  • 検出技術の進歩は,これらの移動要素を識別する私たちの能力を向上させています.

結論:

  • レトロトランポゾンは,ゲノムの進化と変異において,依然として活発な役割を果たしています.
  • de novo挿入を理解することは,遺伝疾患や癌の診断に不可欠です.
  • 人々の健康に対するトランスポーゼーションの影響を定量化するためにさらなる研究が必要である.